Lesson 17-3: Timer - Input Capture (Input Edge-Time) Mode

In Input Capture (or Edge-Time) mode, the timer is configured as a 24-bit or 48-bit up- or down-counter including the optional prescaler with the upper timer value stored in the GPTMTnPR register and the lower bits in the GPTMTnILR register. Table 1 shows that when the timer is enabled in Input Capture mode, what initial value will be loaded into the Timer counter registers.

Table 1: Counter Values When the Timer is Enabled in Input Event-Count Mode

Register	Count-Down Mode	Count-Up Mode	Description for the Register
TAR TBR	GPTMTAILR GPTMTBILR	0x0	The counter value at which the last edge event took place
TAV TBV	GPTMTAILR GPTMTBILR	0x0	Current value of the Timer
TAPS TBPS	GPTMTAPR GPTMTBPR	0x0	16/32-bit GPTM: The current value of the Timer prescaler for periodic snapshot mode 32/64-bit Wide GPTM: The current value of the Timer prescaler in the 32-bit modes
TAPV TBPV	GPTMTAPR GPTMTBPR	0x0	16/32-bit GPTM: Not used in this mode 32/64-bit Wide GPTM: this register shows the current value of the Timer prescaler in 32-bit modes

In this mode, the timer is capable of capturing three types of events: rising edge, falling edge, or both edges. The input signal must be High (or Low) for at least two system clock periods following the rising (or falling) edge. Based on this criteria, the maximum input frequency for edge detection is 1/4 of the system clock frequency. Table 1 shows the values that are loaded into the timer register when the timer is enabled in different counting modes.

The timer counter is a free-running counter and never stop once the timer is enabled. Before we start the edge detection, the "Capture Event" flag in the Raw Interrupt Status register (GPTMRIS) need to be cleared using the Interrupt Clear Register (GPTMICR). When the selected edge is detected, the current timer counter value will be stored into the GPTMTnR register, (GPTMTnPV value to GPTMTnPS register in 32/64-bit Timer), and a "Capture Event" flag in the Raw Interrupt Status register (GPTMRIS) will be triggered to 1.

16-bit Timer Input Capture Mode with an 8-bit Prescaler
32-bit Timer Input Capture Mode with an 16-bit Prescaler

16-bit Timer Input Capture Mode with an 8-bit Prescaler
32-bit Timer Input Capture Mode with an 16-bit Prescaler

16-bit Timer Input Capture Mode with an 8-bit Prescaler

Figure 1: GPTM Module Input Capture Block Diagram

Applications of Input Capture Function

For the 16-bit timer input capture, the longest period of the signal that can be measured with the prescaler configuration to GPTMTnPR register set to 0xFF (255) is:

Assume the system clock is 80 MHz: $\frac{{{2^{24}}}}{{80MHz}} = 209.7152ms$

Which means that the period of an unknown signal must be shorter than 209.7 ms with 80 MHz of the system clock.

Period Measurement

Configure the timer module to trigger the capture on either rising edge or falling edge. Then wait for the event, or enable an interrupt for the event. In either case, when the event occurs, the value of timer count will be latched in the capture register (TAR/TBR). Read the value and save it. Then wait for second capture event.

periodMeasurement

Period of a signal = time difference between two captures.

Pulse-Width Measurement

Pulse-width measurement operates in much the same way except the capture on both edges. To measure pulse-width, configure the timer module to trigger the capture on a rising edge. Then wait for the event, or enable an interrupt for the event. In either case, when the event occurs, the value of timer count will be latched in the capture register (TAR/TBR). Read the value and save it. Then immediately reconfigure the time module to capture on the falling edge. When the falling edge event occurs, then read the value on the capture register and save it. Now subtract the two saved reading values and that gives the pulse width in counts.

pulseWidthMeasurement

Pulse width of a signal = time difference between rising and falling edge

Continuous Signals

On-shot Signals

Frequency Measurement

Duty Cycle Measurement

Timer Rolls Over

Use two unsigned int (32-bit) variables to store two capture values and then calculate the period measurement. The period measurement in counter unit is equal the first capture count value subtracts with second capture counter value.

$Perio{d_{Count}} = (FirstCapturedValue) - ({{\rm Sec}\nolimits} ondCapturedValue)$

Theoretically speaking, first capture counter value should be great than the second capture counter value when the timer is working on the count-down mode. However, when the timer rolls over, the timer will reload the counter value from LOAD value and continue counting to zero. Therefore, the second capture counter value may have change to great than the first capture counter value. Consider the case, when the first captured timer value is 0x0096 (or decimal value of 150), and second captured timer value is 0xFE3E (or decimal value of 65086). The result of 0x96 - 0xFE3E is 0xFFFF0258.